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Horizontal gene transfers in the environment: Natural transformation as a putative process for gene transfers between transgenic plants and microorganisms. Research in Microbiology 150, 375-384.
| Bertolla F., Simonet, Pascal (1999).
| Horizontal gene transfers among bacteria, such as natural transformation or conjugation, may have played an important role in bacterial evolution. They are though to have been involved in promoting genome plasticity which permitted bacteria to adapt very efficiently to any change in their environment and to colonize a wide range of ecosystems. Evidence that some genes were transferred from eukaryotes, and in particular, from plants to bacteria, was obtained from nucleotide and protein sequence analyses. However, numerous factors, including some which are endogenous to the bacterial cells, tend to limit the extent of transfer, particularly among phylogenetically distant organisms. The goal of this paper is to give an overview of the potentials and limits of natural interkingdom gene transfers, with particular focus on prokaryote-originating sequences which fit the nuclear genome of transgenic plants.
Horizontal gene transfers among bacteria may have played an important role in bacteria evolution. Evidence that some genes were transferred from eukaryotes to bacteria was obtained from nucleotide and protein sequence analysis. However, numerous factors tend to limit the extent of transfer, particularly among phylogenetically distant organisms, therefore, such an event will only take place at very low frequencies. Resistance genes are widespread in the environment and this natural 'background' is going to mask any transfer event which might occur.
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