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Bean alpha-amylase inhibitor 1 in transgenic peas (Pisum sativum) provides complete protection from pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) under field conditions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97, 3820-3825.
| Morton R.L., Schroeder, Hart E., Bateman, Kaye S., Chrispeels, Maarten J., Armstrong, Eric, Higgins, Thomas J. V. (2000).
| Two alpha-amylase inhibitors, called alphaAl-1 and alphaAl-2, that share 78% amino acid sequence identity and have a differential specificity toward mammalian and insect alpha-amylases are present in different accessions of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Using green-house-grown transgenic peas (Pisum sativum), we have shown previously that expression of alphaAl-1 in pea seeds can provide complete protection against the pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum). Here, we report that alphaAl-1 also protects peas from the weevil under field conditions. The high degree of protection is explained by our finding that alphaAl-1 inhibits pea bruchid alpha-amylase by 80% over a broad pH range (pH 4.5-6.5). alphaAl-2, on the other hand, is a much less effective inhibitor of pea bruchid alpha-amylase, inhibiting the enzyme by only 40%, and only in the pH 4.0-4.5 range. Nevertheless, this inhibitor was still partially effective in protecting field-grown transgenic peas against pea weevils. The primary effect of alphaAl-2 appeared to be a delay in the maturation of the larvae. This contrasts with the effect of alphaAl-1, which results in larval mortality at the first or second instar. These results are discussed in relationship to the use of amylase inhibitors with different specificities to bring about protection of crops from their insect pests or to decrease insect pest populations below the economic injury level.
Expression of alphaA-1 amylase inhibitor, an inhibitor of insect digestive enzymes, in pea seeds can provide complete protection against the pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum), a pest of the field pea (Pisum sativum) with wordlwide distribution, under field conditions. Today the control of pea weevil in the field requires at least one or two pesticide application and a fumigation of the harvested seeds to kill any live insects. Consumption of this inhibitor was shown to have no effect on mammals and their carbohydrate metabolism.
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